Cyberstalking and Digital Harassment Patterns

Abstract

Cyberstalking is characterized by repeated, unwanted online surveillance, communication, intimidation, or digital intrusion intended to harass, control, or threaten individuals. Unlike traditional stalking, digital harassment leverages anonymity, technological tools, and persistent access to victims through personal devices. This paper examines psychological motivations behind cyberstalkers, victim risk factors, digital behavioral patterns of harassment, and intervention strategies. A conceptual Digital Harassment Pattern Model (DHPM) is introduced, identifying escalation stages from initial monitoring to aggressive confrontation. The aim is to support prevention, policy development, mental health response, and digital safety—not harmful application.