Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Prevalence Among Medical Students

Abstract

Background: Medical students are exposed to substantial academic and psychosocial stressors, making them particularly vulnerable to mental health disorders such as stress, anxiety, and depression. These conditions can adversely affect academic performance, professional development, and overall well-being.

Aim: To estimate the pooled prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among medical students through a systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted as a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2010 and 2025. Studies reporting prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression among medical students were included. Data extraction and quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale were performed independently. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s test.

Results: A total of 30 studies comprising approximately 15,200 medical students were included. The pooled prevalence of depression was 27.2% (95% CI: 24.1%–30.3%), anxiety was 33.8% (95% CI: 29.4%–38.2%), and stress ranged from 34% to 50%. High heterogeneity was observed across studies (I² >90%). Subgroup analysis revealed higher prevalence among female students and those in preclinical years. Mild publication bias was detected. Conclusion: Stress, anxiety, and depression are highly prevalent among medical students globally, indicating a substantial mental health burden. Early screening, institutional support systems, and targeted interventions are essential to address these issues and promote psychological well-being among future healthcare professionals